Articles: mortality.
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In this cohort study, 16,911 men who had completed a mailed dietary questionnaire were followed for 11 1/2 years with 721 deaths reported from ischemic heart disease (IHD) (excluding those reporting on the questionnaire a prior history of angina or other heart conditions). Although no association was found between coffee consumption and mortality from IHD, a negative association between coffee consumption and mortality from diseases other than IHD was found. ⋯ The negative association appeared to reflect a reduction in coffee consumption related to the disorders in question and not to a protective effect of coffee. It has been suggested that the positive association between coffee consumption and IHD reported in some case-control studies may reflect a decreased consumption among controls rather than an unusually high consumption among cases.
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Reports from developed countries world wide describing the outcome for infants of very low birthweight (VLBW, less than or equal to 1500 g) born since 1946 show that, in general, mortality rates and the prevalence of major handicap in survivors were high until 1960. Since then the chances of healthy survival have trebled, whereas the handicap-rate has remained stable and relatively low at 6--8% of VLBW live births.