Articles: brain-injuries.
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Computational head injury models are promising tools for understanding and predicting traumatic brain injuries. However, most available head injury models are "average" models that employ a single set of head geometry (e.g., 50th-percentile U.S. male) without considering variability in these parameters across the human population. A significant variability of head shapes exists in U.S. Army soldiers, evident from the Anthropometric Survey of U.S. Army Personnel (ANSUR II). The objective of this study is to elucidate the effects of head shape on the predicted risk of traumatic brain injury from computational head injury models. ⋯ Head shape has a considerable influence on the injury predictions of computational head injury models. Available "average" head injury models based on a 50th-percentile U.S. male are likely associated with considerable uncertainty. In general, larger head sizes correspond to greater BIPV magnitudes, which point to potentially a greater injury risk under rapid neck rotation for people with larger heads.
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Multimodal monitoring is the use of data from multiple physiological sensors combined in a way to provide individualized patient management. It is becoming commonplace in the civilian care of traumatic brain-injured patients. We hypothesized we could bring the technology to the battlefield using a noninvasive sensor suite and an artificial intelligence-based patient management guidance system. ⋯ We developed a design and tested the feasibility of a system that would allow the use of physiological biomarkers as a management tool in forward care. A key feature is the modular design that allows the system to adapt to changes in sensors, resources, and context as well as to updates in guidelines as they are developed. Continued work consists of further validation of the concept with simulated scenarios.
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Multicenter Study
Cognitive Motor Dissociation in Disorders of Consciousness.
Patients with brain injury who are unresponsive to commands may perform cognitive tasks that are detected on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). This phenomenon, known as cognitive motor dissociation, has not been systematically studied in a large cohort of persons with disorders of consciousness. ⋯ Approximately one in four participants without an observable response to commands performed a cognitive task on fMRI or EEG as compared with one in three participants with an observable response to commands. (Funded by the James S. McDonnell Foundation and others.).
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Due to the lengthy and challenging nature of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation, patients and carers increasingly rely on YouTube for information. However, no previous research has assessed the quality and reliability of these TBI rehabilitation videos on this platform. This study aims to assess the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on TBI rehabilitation. ⋯ The study revealed that videos uploaded by healthcare professionals have higher quality. For obtaining reliable information on TBI rehabilitation, it is also advisable to prioritize videos with longer durations and earlier upload dates. Given the significant role of social media platforms in educational outreach for rehabilitation, it is crucial to enhance the quality of these videos through appropriate measures.
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Observational Study
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid galectin-3 and associated cytokines after severe traumatic brain injury in patients.
This study aimed to investigate the galectin-3 and associated cytokines levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients. Temporal CSF expression of galectin-3 and associated cytokines levels in sTBI patients within 1-week post-injury were studied using the multiplex bead array. STBI patient group was stratified using the Modified Rankin Score (mRS) into 3 groups: mRS 6 (died), mRS 5 (severely disabled) and mRS 1-4 (mild-to-moderately disabled) group. ⋯ Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed a significant area under the curve for comparison between mRS 6 and mRS 5 groups for galectin-3 and IL-6. No significant differences in sex, age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, C-reactive protein levels and types of TBI-induced hemorrhages were observed between the groups. CSF galectin-3 and associated cytokines, especially IL-6, CCL-2 and CCL-20 levels were different within sub-groups of sTBI patients, suggesting their potential use in sTBI prognostics.