Articles: brain-injuries.
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Lubeluzole, a novel nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway modulator, was shown to be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia as studied in animal models and clinical trials. The present study investigated the effect of lubeluzole on contusion volume and brain edema following traumatic brain injury. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were subjected to cortical impact injury. ⋯ T2-weighted MRI revealed a higher volume of edema at 90 minutes after trauma in treated rats. However, at 6 and 24 hours after trauma, no significant difference was discernible. Under these experimental conditions, lubeluzole fails to exert beneficial effects following experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI).
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Psychosomatic medicine · Jul 1999
Comparative StudyCognitive performance in multiple trauma patients 3 years after injury.
Patients with sequelae from multiple trauma commonly display cognitive disturbances, specifically in the areas of attention and memory. This study was designed to assess cognitive functioning 3 years after severe multiple trauma and to investigate how cognitive performance is related to head injury severity and psychological distress respectively. ⋯ Cognitive deficits in multiple trauma patients were related both to the severity of the traumatic brain injury and to the degree of psychological distress. The strength of the association between brain injury as indicated by GCS scores and cognitive performance differed between different tasks. Neuropsychological testing may assist in differentiating primary organic from secondary psychogenic impairments.
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Intensive care medicine · Jul 1999
Severe brain injury in children: long-term outcome and its prediction using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs).
To evaluate the outcome of children 1 and 5 years after severe brain injury (Glasgow Coma Score < 8) using a functional measure [Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)] and a health status measure (the Torrance Health State (HUI:1)) and to determine the ability of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to predict these long-term outcomes. ⋯ The outcome for children with severe brain injury should be assessed 5 years after injury because important changes occur between 1 year and 5 years. Differences exist between outcomes assessed using the GOS and HUI:1 as they measure slightly different aspects of function. Consideration should therefore be given to using both measures. SEPs are excellent predictors of long-term outcome measured by either the GOS or the HUI:1.
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Comparative Study
Comparative use of magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiologic investigation for the prognosis of head injury.
To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrophysiologic investigation as prognostic methods in acute head injury. ⋯ MRI scans performed early after head injury provide several indicators for unfavorable outcome. Electrophysiologic investigations add to this prognostic evidence. Both methods have comparably high specificity. However, because of the higher density of prognostic information obtained, MRI seems superior to electrophysiologic testing.
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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg · Jul 1999
Cytokine and S100B levels in paediatric patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgery with or without total circulatory arrest.
Neurological damage following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is difficult to objectively evaluate in infants. In adults, serum elevations of astroglial S100B correlate with proven brain injury independent of operative temperature. The deleterious effects of inflammatory cytokines, generated during CPB, on the brain have not been studied in infants using S100B as a marker for cerebral injury. ⋯ (1) The TCA group have prolonged rises of IL-6, IL-8 and S100B. (2) The TCA group generates significantly lower complement. (3) Astroglial injury, seen after surgery, may, in part, be cytokine mediated.