Articles: brain-injuries.
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Second impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when an athlete who has sustained an initial head injury, most often a concussion, sustains a second head injury before symptoms associated with the first have fully cleared. While most commonly reported in football, the SIS can occur during any sport that can produce head blows. Any athlete still complaining of post-concussion symptoms after a head injury must not be allowed to return to play.
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Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialTreatment of elevated intracranial pressure by infusions of 10% saline in severely head injured patients.
The management of intracranial pressure (ICP) is a factor in outcome of patients with head trauma. However, recent studies have revealed that the current strategies, which have been applied to control ICP for adequate cerebral perfusion, are unsatisfactory. Against this background, the efficacy of short-term infusions of hypertonic saline on ICP was investigated. ⋯ In the individual cases the temporal course of the parameters amplitude and decline interval depict a tendency toward lower and higher values, respectively, under conditions of a generally increasing ICP. As expected, the infusion of hypertonic saline reduces ICP in patients suffering from SHI. The pressure drop, duration and dynamic behaviour are suspected to depend both on the pressure level to reduce and concomitant medications.
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Although more common in collision sports, head injuries (for this article confined to cerebral neurotrauma) may occur in virtually any form of athletics. A few such injuries result in death, especially the second-impact syndrome and subdural hematoma. ⋯ These misunderstandings in the field have contributed to a paucity of reliable epidemiological information about its actual frequency. The concerns accompanying cerebral insult are discussed more than studied, but much can be gained in principle from the history of attention to concussions in football.
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Trauma in the United States is the leading cause of death and disability in the pediatric population. Differences of age and development affect recovery and outcome following head injury. ⋯ Treatment and management should be tailored to each case in order to effect a positive outcome with respect to brain functioning. Aggressive intervention for prevention of primary and secondary injury must be continued and understanding of the impact of these injuries should provide for a brighter future for these patients.
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Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 1998
Comparative StudyComparative effects of hypothermia, barbiturate, and osmotherapy for cerebral oxygen metabolism, intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with severe head injury.
In order to select the optimal neurointensive treatment for patients with severe head injury and intracranial hypertension, the effects of hypothermia (HT), barbiturates (BT), and osmotic agents (OT) on focal and diffuse cerebral oxygen metabolism were evaluated by means of continuous monitoring of bifrontal regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO2), jugular bulb temperature (Tjb), intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). ⋯ The therapeutic effects of hypothermia, barbiturates, and osmotherapy on cerebral oxygen metabolism and ICP/CPP are different according to the underlying pathological lesions of patients with severe head injury.