Articles: brain-injuries.
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The American surgeon · Jul 1994
Predictors of positive CT scans in the trauma patient with minor head injury.
Routine cerebral CT scanning of patients with minor head injuries has been advocated as a screening procedure for hospital admission. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were characteristics of the trauma patient with a minor head injury. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 13-15, that would predict a positive cerebral CT scan. ⋯ Of the nine patients who sustained a skull fracture, five had a positive CT (55.6%; 95% confidence interval 21.2% to 86.3%) (P < 0.0001). Of all the patients with positive CT scans, two underwent emergent craniotomy: one for a depressed skull fracture with underlying contusion, the other for a temporal bone fracture and an epidural hematoma. Both patients had LOC and SC-GCS and ER-GCS of 15.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Arch Neurol Chicago · Jul 1994
Traumatic brain injury. Predicting course of recovery and outcome for patients admitted to rehabilitation.
To demonstrate that the prognosis for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to rehabilitation can be established with use of principled neurologic diagnosis and predictor variables of established value in neurosurgical populations. ⋯ The early course of recovery and functional outcome in TBI can be characterized in neurorehabilitation populations and is highly dependent on specific neuropathologic diagnosis, severity, and age. Predictions that employ traditional measures of severity are most relevant in patients with diffuse axonal injury. Age has a potent, complex effect on recovery, particularly beyond age 40 years.
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In an attempt to evaluate the response of patients who have low admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores (GCS) after a penetrating craniocerebral injury to aggressive management, we evaluated a series of 190 patients with penetrating injuries who presented with a GCS score of 3, 4, or 5 during a 6-year period. Entrance criteria required replicable neurological examinations that were not altered by the presence of hypotension, drugs/toxins, or systemic injury. The surgical patients included 21 patients with an admission GCS score of 3, 24 with an admission GCS score of 4, and 15 with an admission GCS score of 5. ⋯ Five had a Glasgow Outcome Score of 2, five had a Glasgow Outcome Score of 3, and one had a Glasgow Outcome Score of 4. We have devised a prospective model of outcome based on our series in an attempt to predict nonsurvivors at admission (while overpredicting for survivors). The variables most predictive of mortality include admission GCS score and subarachnoid hemorrhage in one model and admission GCS score and pupillary changes in a second, when pupillary response was definitive at admission (P < or = 0.00005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jun 1994
Early microvascular and neuronal consequences of traumatic brain injury: a light and electron microscopic study in rats.
The purpose of this study was to document the early morphologic consequences of moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Normothermic rats (37 degrees C) were injured with a fluid percussion pulse (1.7-2.1 atm) administered by an injury cannula positioned parasagittally over the right cerebral cortex (n = 7). At 45 min following TBI, rats were injected with the protein tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and perfusion fixed or immersion fixed 15 min later for light and electron microscopic analysis. ⋯ In nonperfused traumatized rats, luminal platelet aggregates were also detected at sites of hemorrhage. In this model of TBI, a consistent pattern of microvascular and neuronal abnormalities can be documented in the early posttraumatic period. Pathomechanisms underlying these early changes are discussed in terms of primary and secondary injury processes.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jun 1994
The efficacy of barbiturate coma in the management of uncontrolled intracranial hypertension following neurosurgical trauma.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of barbiturate therapy as an adjunctive treatment for control of intracranial hypertension when conventional methods failed. To this end, a retrospective chart review was conducted on 21 neurosurgical trauma patients with uncontrolled intracranial pressure (ICP) admitted to a trauma/intensive care unit. ⋯ The survival of patients experiencing ICP control with barbiturate coma was better than those patients who failed therapy (71% vs 14%, p = 0.021). Thus, in a subgroup of neurosurgical trauma patients who are refractory to conventional management of elevated ICP, barbiturates appear to improve survival, suggesting that this therapy has an important role in the management of neurotrauma patients.