Articles: brain-injuries.
-
Hypothermia is of proven benefit in cerebral ischemia, and may be of benefit in blunt head injury. Peritoneal dialysis is a fast, effective method of inducing generalized hypothermia. ⋯ Hypothermia was associated with prompt control of temperature and intracranial pressure. Peritoneal dialysis is a useful method for inducing hypothermia in the blunt head-injured patient.
-
Critical care medicine · Sep 1994
Cerebral lactate-oxygen index in acute brain injury with acute anemia: assessment of false versus true ischemia.
To evaluate the occurrence of global cerebral ischemia in acute brain trauma with acute anemia by combined measurements of cerebral hemodynamics, oxygenation, and lactate production. ⋯ In acute brain injury with acute anemia, global cerebral ischemia is a rare finding. However, false cerebral ischemia may be frequently found, if assessed by the lactate-oxygen index, because the denominator of the index (the arteriojugular oxygen content difference) frequently decreases as a function of decreasing hemoglobin, thus yielding false calculated ischemic high values for lactate-oxygen index despite normal cerebral oxygenation and lactate production.
-
Recent work suggests that increased intracranial pressure (ICP) following brain injury and shock is related to increased central venous pressure (CVP) following resuscitation. ⋯ These data suggest that brain edema formation in the injured hemisphere is related to MAP and not CVP, but variability in MAP accounts for only 29% of the variability in CWC and ICP, suggesting the importance of factors other than hydrostatic pressure in determining the amount of edema and the ICP after brain injury. Previous work demonstrating the significant correlation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration with ICP (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) and with CWC (r = -0.63, p < 0.001) suggests that inflammation may be one of these factors.
-
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Sep 1994
Prevalence of MR evidence of diffuse axonal injury in patients with mild head injury and normal head CT findings.
To assess the prevalence of MR evidence for diffuse axonal injury at 1.5 T in patients with normal head CT findings after mild head injury. ⋯ MR shows evidence of diffuse axonal injury in some patients with normal head CT findings after mild head injury. These lesions may represent the pathologic substrate underlying the postconcussion syndrome that occurs in many patients with moderate to severe head injury.
-
Journal of neurochemistry · Sep 1994
Regional levels of lactate and norepinephrine after experimental brain injury.
The recently developed controlled cortical impact model of brain injury in rats may be an excellent tool by which to attempt to understand the neurochemical mechanisms mediating the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. In this study, rats were subjected to lateral controlled cortical impact brain injury of low grade severity; their brains were frozen in situ at various times after injury to measure regional levels of lactate, high energy phosphates, and norepinephrine. Tissue lactate concentration in the injury site left cortex was increased in injured animals by sixfold at 30 min and twofold at 2.5 h and 24 h after injury (p < 0.05). ⋯ The norepinephrine concentration was decreased in the injury site left cortex of injured animals by 38% at 30 min, 29% at 2.5 h, and 30% at 24 h after injury (p < 0.05). The level of norepinephrine was also reduced by approximately 20% in the cortex adjacent to the injury site in injured animals. The present results suggest that controlled cortical impact brain injury produces disorder in the neuronal oxidative and norepinephrine metabolism.