Articles: brain-injuries.
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Journal of neurotrauma · May 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSystemic hypothermia in treatment of brain injury.
An extensive literature suggests that there are minimal complications of systemic hypothermia in humans at and above 30 degrees C for periods of several days. Intracranial hemorrhage has been found to complicate profound hypothermia (10-15 degrees C), and ventricular arrhythmias occur at temperatures below 30 degrees C. Our initial clinical studies were with 21 patients undergoing elective craniotomy cooled to 30-32 degrees C for 1-8 h (mean 4 h). ⋯ No intracranial hemorrhage or other complications were found. With surface cooling, intravascular temperature dropped at 1.6 degrees C/h. Based on the safety of surface cooling to a core temperature of 32 degrees C for 48 h, we are conducting a randomized study of this level of hypothermia in patients with severe brain injury, cooled within 6 h of injury.
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Critical care medicine · May 1992
Use of brainstem auditory-evoked response testing to assess neurologic outcome following near drowning in children.
To determine a correlation between serial brainstem auditory-evoked response measurements and ultimate neurologic outcome in pediatric patients who suffered a cardiac arrest resulting from a submersion accident. ⋯ Brainstem auditory-evoked response testing is useful as an aid in the assessment of neurologic outcome following submersion-induced cardiac arrest. However, standardization of brainstem auditory-evoked response testing and production of normative data are required before this modality can be more widely studied and applied.
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Neurol Neurochir Pol · May 1992
Review[Use of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for evaluation of intracranial pressure].
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) studies are very useful for the evaluation of intracranial pressure changes. The most informative for the TCD increase diagnosis are the diastolic pressure decrease and increase of two computed indices: pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI). ⋯ Additional information is provided by TCD studies in cerebral blood flow autoregulation tests. The usefulness of TCD in brain death diagnosis is discussed also.
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Journal of neurochemistry · May 1992
Development of prolonged focal cerebral edema and regional cation changes following experimental brain injury in the rat.
The present study examined the formation of regional cerebral edema in adult rats subjected to lateral (parasagittal) experimental fluid-percussion brain injury. Animals receiving fluid-percussion brain injury of moderate severity over the left parietal cortex were assayed for brain water content at 6 h, 24 h, and 2, 3, 5, and 7 days post injury. Regional sodium and potassium concentrations were measured in a separate group of animals at 10 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h following fluid-percussion injury. ⋯ Potassium concentrations fell significantly 1 h post injury within the injured cortex (p less than 0.05), whereas significant decreases were not observed until 24 h post injury within the injured hippocampus. Cation alterations persisted throughout the 24-h post injury period. These results demonstrate that regional brain edema and cation deregulation occur in rats subjected to lateral fluid-percussion brain injury and that these changes may persist for a prolonged period after brain injury.
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Fishhook injuries rarely pose a true emergency, and only a few cases of posterior ocular injury from fishhooks have been described. We present a case of penetrating ocular, orbital, and cranial trauma produced by a broken fishhook. The morbidity and mortality as well as the initial emergency evaluation of penetrating foreign objects in the orbital-cranial region are discussed.