Articles: brain-injuries.
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Prolonged neurological dysfunction that results from an insult to the brain is often attributed to irreversible structural damage such as loss of neurons or axonal degeneration. For example, following cerebral ischemia even partial hippocampal CA1 neuronal loss has been proposed to be sufficient to result in deficits in hippocampal dependent spatial memory. This study examined if hippocampal CA1 neuronal loss and/or axonal injury was necessary to produce prolonged spatial memory deficits resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ M. = +/- 69) per 10(6) micron2, respectively. Additionally, no overt evidence of axonal injury was observed in any forebrain structure including major intrinsic or extrinsic connecting hippocampal pathways. These data strongly suggest that mild to moderate TBI is capable of producing prolonged spatial memory deficits in the rat without evidence of either neuronal cell death in the intrinsic hippocampus or overt axonal injury in hippocampal pathways.
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The authors studied the incidence of hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension in 60 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma from comparison of the findings of computed tomography and the results of prolonged monitoring of intracranial pressure. The mechanisms of the development of hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension are described. Hydrocephalus is among the causes of intracranial hypertension. In view of this, external fractional drainage of the ventricular CSF should be applied together with the removal of intracranial hematomas and measures of intensive therapy in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma.
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J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. · Sep 1990
The effect of pentobarbital and isoflurane on glucose metabolism in thermally injured rat brain.
The effect of pentobarbital and isoflurane on cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) was studied in thermally injured rat brain using quantitative autoradiography. In awake lesioned animals, CMRglc in cortical regions ipsilateral to the injury was reduced to 50% of normal while little if any decrease was observed in contralateral cortical regions and subcortical regions bilaterally. ⋯ The results support the hypothesis that CMRglc depression associated with a focal cold injury is functional in nature. Reduction of metabolism by anesthetics in functionally depressed brain is limited by the decrease in CMRglc associated with the injury.
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Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol · Aug 1990
[Changes in human cerebral cortex in various areas of concussion in severe cranio-cerebral injury].
In 23 patients with a severe cranial-cerebral trauma the operative material (pieces of the cortex, obtained from the destructive, transitional and relatively preserved zones in the bruise foci with crushing, localized in various lobules of the cerebral hemispheres) has been studied. From 2 h up to 9 days after trauma, changes, characterizing the state of the vascular bed, nervous and glial cells have been followed. ⋯ Only in the destructive zone in all 23 patients and in the whole transitional zone in 8 patients neurons in all cortical layers are deeply injured and unviable. Certain considerations on differential surgical tactics, when treating the bruise foci with crushing at a severe cranial and cerebral trauma are presented.