Articles: health.
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A retrospective study of the pattern of paediatric deaths at the children's emergency room (CHER) of the University College Hospital, Ibadan revealed a steady decline from 208 per 1000 admissions in 1978 to 179 per 1000 admissions in 1986. The study, however, showed that one in every five children admitted to the CHER died over the study period 1978, and 1981-1986. Measles has the highest proportionate death rate of 13.1% and it shares the highest fatality rate of 32.6% with tetanus. ⋯ The age distribution of the children who died shows that the highest proportion was in the age group 1-2 yr. The use of the proportion of deaths of children in the 1-2 yr age group as a more reliable index for assessing the health status of a community is discussed. Also discussed is the preponderance of males over females in emergency admissions.
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The Association of Israeli and Palestinian Physicians for Human Rights was established during the first months of the uprising, against the background of a severe situation in which people were killed and wounded daily. AIPPHR works for the protection of human dignity and human life; defending physicians and patients in a state of political conflict out of loyalty to the principles of universal morality which constitute an inseparable part of the medical profession. This report, which is the result of months of research and investigation, is aimed, among other purposes, at bringing reliable information to the knowledge of the medical community in Israel and the Israeli Medical Association (IMA)--the body which organizes them. ⋯ Since the beginning of the uprising in the Occupied Territories, a new tendency has appeared; the use of medicine as an additional means of repression against the population. This means that medicine has been removed from the status of a basic human right and recruited as a means of punishment. This is a phenomenon which no physician or person of conscience can accept.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: results from three-year follow-up.
The protective efficacy (PE) of B subunit killed whole-cell (BS-WC) and killed whole-cell-only (WC) oral cholera vaccines was assessed in a randomised double-blind field trial among children aged 2-15 years and women over 15 years in rural Bangladesh. Among the 62 285 subjects who received three doses of BS-WC, WC, or Escherichia coli K12 strain placebo, cumulative PE at 3 years of follow-up was 50% for BS-WC and 52% for WC. ⋯ In contrast, persons vaccinated at older ages were protected even in the third year of follow-up (PE 40% for BS-WC; 62% for WC). PE was substantially higher against classical cholera (58% for BS-WC; 60% for WC) than against El Tor cholera (39% and 40%).