Articles: health.
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The MCH/FP services for women in Africa offer today limited services that do not cater to the multiple and complex problems that women face during their long productive lives. Many women are infertile, many suffer and die from abortions, many cannot get access to safe contraceptive technology or safe and sterile delivery services. ⋯ The health needs of women have thus intensified and become increasingly shaped by their growing role in production and in the social reproduction of the household. The paper examines the changing health needs of women in East Africa, why MCH/FP health services have failed to meet these needs, and identifies the types of services that women increasingly require.
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In developing countries is medical technology transfer reaching women? Do women control new technologies or are they only passive recipients? What is the impact of these new technologies on women's health and welfare? To answer these questions this article explores concepts of health, technologies, and women, then gives findings from an extensive literature search on contraception, childbirth, immunization, essential drugs, oral rehydration therapy, water, sanitation, and breast-feeding. The article concludes with recommendations on pre-project planning studies, monitoring, and evaluation.
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Bull. World Health Organ. · Jan 1989
Hospital-based surveillance of malaria-related paediatric morbidity and mortality in Kinshasa, Zaire.
Although Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality in Africa, few quantitative estimates are available about the impact of malaria on childhood health. To quantify the impact of the disease in an urban African setting, we reviewed the paediatric ward and mortuary records at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. From June 1985 to May 1986, 6208 children were admitted to the hospital, 2374 (38.2%) of whom had malaria; 500 of those with malaria died (case fatality rate, 21.1%). ⋯ The total number of paediatric admissions and deaths remained relatively constant between 1982 and 1986; however, the proportional malaria admission rate increased from 29.5% in 1983 to 56.4% in 1986, and the proportional malaria mortality rate, from 4.8% in 1982 to 15.3% in 1986. These increases were temporally related to the emergence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kinshasa. Malaria is therefore a major cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality in the city, and this study indicates that hospital-based surveillance may be useful in monitoring disease-specific morbidity and mortality elsewhere in Africa.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 1989
[Effect of transportation noise on the status of the cardiovascular system of the population].
The results of a multipronged study of noise effect on the state of the cardiovascular system of the urban population are presented. The study of regular noise effect on various population groups has been conducted under natural and laboratory conditions. A complex of appropriate investigation techniques has been used. The population of noise-exposed regions has higher rates and more distinct forms of disorders in myocardium, vessel elasticity, hemodynamics, extracardial regulation and higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those living under more quiet conditions.