Articles: health.
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ENDS use is highly prevalent among U.S. youth, and there is concern about its respiratory health effects. However, evidence from nationally representative longitudinal data is limited. ⋯ These results suggest that ENDS and cigarettes, used exclusively or jointly, increased the risk of diagnosed bronchitis, pneumonia, or chronic cough among U.S. youth. However, dual use was associated with the highest risk. Targeted policies aimed at continuing to reduce cigarette smoking and ENDS use among youth, especially among those with dual use, are needed.
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Observational Study
Deworming and micronutrient status by community open defecation prevalence: An observational study using nationally representative data from India, 2016-2018.
Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in India. Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are acquired by interaction with soil and water contaminated by human feces and lead to blood loss and poor micronutrient absorption. The current recommendation for control of STH-related morbidity is targeted deworming, yet little is known about the effectiveness of deworming on micronutrient status in varying sanitation contexts. Ranging between 1% and 40% prevalence across Indian states, open defecation (OD) remains high despite India's investments at elimination by promoting community-wide sanitation. This variation provides an opportunity to study the relationship between deworming, micronutrient status, and OD at-scale. ⋯ Moderate to high rates of OD significantly modify the association between deworming and micronutrient status in India. Public health policy could involve sequencing interventions, with focus on improving deworming coverage in communities that have achieved minimum thresholds of OD and re- triggering sanitation interventions in high OD communities prior to deworming days, ensuring high coverage for both. The efficacy of micronutrient supplementation as a complementary strategy to improve nutritional outcomes alongside deworming and OD elimination in this age group needs further study.
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Approximately 7.2% of individuals in the U.S. smoke during pregnancy, and cessation is associated with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Weight gain is a common reason for not quitting smoking or relapsing. The current study aimed to characterize who is at risk for excessive GWG and determine the moderating effect of rurality given the higher smoking rates and lower access to healthcare services in these areas. ⋯ Smoking cessation and weight management during pregnancy are critical to promoting infant and maternal health. Targeted interventions combining weight management and smoking cessation have been successful among the general population and could be adapted for pregnant individuals who smoke to facilitate cessation and healthy GWG in both urban and rural areas.
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Redlining began in the 1930s with the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC); this discriminatory practice limited mortgage availability and reinforced concentrated poverty that still exists today. It is important to understand the potential health implications of this federally sanctioned segregation. ⋯ Fred Lovejoy Housestaff Research and Education Fund.
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Experience and impact of inappropriate patient sexual behaviors within a large VA healthcare system.
Inappropriate patient sexual behaviors (IPSBs) can negatively impact work performance, job satisfaction, and the psychological well-being of clinicians and staff. Although the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States, the rate of IPSBs in VHA hospitals is unknown. The unique demographic and cultural characteristics of military populations may be associated with IPSBs. ⋯ Among the 32% of staff who responded (N = 1359), over half (n = 789; 58.1%) of participants reported at least one instance of IPSB during the past year; this included 67.9% (n = 644) of staff who identified as women and 33.4% (n = 126) of staff who identified as men. There was a significantly greater impact of IPSBs for women, as compared to men, on psychological well-being (X2 1 = 60.4, p < .001, odds ratio [OR] = 4.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [3.08, 6.79]), work satisfaction (X2 1 = 43.0, p < .001, OR = 3.51, 95% CI: [2.40, 5.18]), and workplace practices (X2 1 = 48.9, p < .001, OR = 4.02, 95% CI: [2.69, 6.11]). The results of this project highlight the need for overcoming barriers to reducing the pervasiveness and impact of these experiences.