• Amir-Mohammad Armanian, Maede Farajollahi, and Nima Salehimehr.
• Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
• Arch Iran Med. 2019 Nov 1; 22 (11): 659-662.

BackgroundThe prevalence of microorganisms in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and neonatal internal wards is constantly changing, thus rendering the practice of empiric antibiotic therapy ineffective due to the resistance of these microorganisms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relative frequency of positive cultures of Bactec, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine in infants admitted to the NICU and neonatal internal ward in Al-Zahra hospital in 2011-2017.MethodsIn this cross-sectional descriptive study, we evaluated 466 positive culture samples from 2853 different cultures (blood, urine, CSF, etc) from infants admitted to the NICU and neonatal internal ward with clinical signs of neonatal infection in Al-Zahra hospital. Isfahan in 2011-2017. The samples were evaluated for type of microorganisms and sensitivity to antibiotics.ResultsPositive cultures among Bactec, blood, CSF and urine culture samples were reported at 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.8-18.1) 9.3% (95% CI: 6.8-11.7), 6.4% (95% CI: 4.3-8) and 28.6% (95% CI: 25.4-31.7), respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common species in Bactec (46.7%; 95% CI: 38.7-54.6), blood (53.1%; 95% CI: 39.1-67), and CSF (37.1%; 95% CI: 21-53.1) cultures while Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent species in urine culture (28%; 95% CI: 22.2-33.7).ConclusionConsidering the results of Bactec and blood cultures, it is essential to reduce staphylococcal infections in our settings.© 2019 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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