• Jia-Yih Feng, Wei-Chih Chen, Ying-Ying Chen, and Wei-Juin Su.
• Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2020 Jun 1; 119 Suppl 1: S23-S31.

AbstractThe lungs are the most common disease site of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). However, the isolation of NTM in a respiratory specimen does not indicate lung disease (LD). Differentiation between NTM colonization and NTM-LD remains challenging. In this brief review, we summarize the clinical impact of NTM-LD on morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations. The diagnosis criteria for NTM-LD-including clinical features, radiological presentations, and microbiological evidence-are also reviewed, according to the latest American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guideline and the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guideline. However, the diagnosis of NTM-LD does not necessitate the initiation of anti-NTM treatment. Both environmental, host, and bacterial factors should be considered to identify patients that require NTM-LD treatment.Copyright © 2020 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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