• Eur Spine J · Aug 2020

    Multicenter Study

    Development and validation of a prediction tool for pain reduction in adult patients undergoing elective lumbar spinal fusion: a multicentre cohort study.

    • JanssenEsther R CERChttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-696XDepartment of Orthopaedics and Research School Caphri, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands. esther.janssen@mumc.nl., Ilona M Punt, van KuijkSander M JSMJDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands., Eric A Hoebink, van MeeterenNico L UNLUTop Sector Life Sciences and Health (Health~Holland), The Hague, The Netherlands., and Paul C Willems.
    • Department of Orthopaedics and Research School Caphri, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands. esther.janssen@mumc.nl.
    • Eur Spine J. 2020 Aug 1; 29 (8): 1909-1916.

    PurposeOn average, 56% of patients report a clinically relevant reduction in pain after lumbar spinal fusion (LSF). Preoperatively identifying which patient will benefit from LSF is paramount to improve clinical decision making, expectation management and treatment selection. Therefore, this multicentre study aimed to develop and validate a clinical prediction tool for a clinically relevant reduction in pain 1 to 2 years after elective LSF.MethodsThe outcomes were defined as a clinically relevant reduction in predominant (worst reported pain in back or legs) pain 1 to 2 years after LSF. Patient-reported outcome measures and patient characteristics from 202 patients were used to develop a prediction model by logistic regression. Data from 251 patients were used to validate the model.ResultsNonsmokers (odds ratio = 0.41 [95% confidence interval = 0.19-0.87]), with lower Body Mass Index (0.93 [0.85-1.01]), shorter pain duration (0.49 [0.20-1.19]), lower American Society of Anaesthesiologists score (4.82 [1.35-17.25]), higher Visual Analogue Scale score for predominant pain (1.05 [1.02-1.08]), lower Oswestry Disability Index (0.96 [0.93-1.00]) and higher RAND-36 mental component score (1.03 [0.10-1.06]) preoperatively had a higher chance of a clinically relevant reduction in predominant pain. The area under the curve of the externally validated model yielded 0.68. A nomogram was developed to aid clinical decision making.ConclusionsUsing the developed nomogram surgeons can estimate the probability of achieving a clinically relevant pain reduction 1 to 2 years after LSF and consequently inform patients on expected outcomes when considering treatment.

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