• Kim Martz, Jenny Alderden, Rick Bassett, and Dawn Swick.
• Kim Martz is Associate Professor Emeritus, Boise State University School of Nursing, Faculty Mentor, St Luke's Health System, Boise, Idaho.
• Crit Care Nurse. 2020 Jun 1; 40 (3): 23-29.

BackgroundAccess to specialty palliative care delivery in the intensive care unit is inconsistent across institutions. The intensive care unit at the study institution uses a screening tool to identify patients likely to benefit from specialty palliative care, yet little is known about outcomes associated with the use of screening tools.ObjectiveTo identify outcomes associated with specialty palliative care referral among patients with critical illness.MethodsRecords of 112 patients with positive results on palliative care screening were retrospectively reviewed to compare outcomes between patients who received a specialty palliative care consult and those who did not. Primary outcome measures were length of stay, discharge disposition, and escalation of care.ResultsSixty-five patients (58%) did not receive a palliative care consult. No significant differences were found in length of hospital or intensive care unit stay. Most patients who experienced mechanical ventilation did not receive a palliative care consultation (χ2 = 5.14, P = .02). Patients who were discharged to home were also less likely to receive a consult (χ2 = 4.1, P = .04), whereas patients who were discharged to hospice were more likely to receive a consult (χ2 = 19.39, P < .001).ConclusionsUnmet needs exist for specialty palliative care. Understanding the methods of identifying patients for specialty palliative care and providing them with such care is critically important. Future research is needed to elucidate the factors providers use in their decisions to order or defer specialty palliative care consultation.©2020 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

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