• Ngoc H Nguyen, Erika N Le, Vanessa O Mbah, Emily B Welsh, Rana Daas, Kiara K Spooner, Jason L Salemi, Omonike A Olaleye, and Hamisu M Salihu.
• From Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas and the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
• South. Med. J. 2020 Jun 1; 113 (6): 292-297.

ObjectiveTo assess patient- and hospital-level characteristics associated with opioid use in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive pregnant women and fetal health outcomes.MethodsUsing the 2002-2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, we analyzed discharge records to describe the rates of opioid use among HIV-positive pregnant women. Logistic regression was used to quantify the magnitude of the association between exposure status and maternal-fetal outcomes.ResultsOpioid use was fourfold greater among HIV-positive pregnant women compared with their HIV-negative counterparts (odds ratio 4.0; 95% confidence interval 3.15-5.12). Relatively smaller but significant increases in the early onset of delivery, poor fetal growth, abortive pregnancy, and spontaneous abortion also were observed in association with HIV-positive status and opioid drug use during pregnancy.ConclusionsAn increased risk of negative maternal-fetal complications persists among HIV-positive women who use opioids during pregnancy. Focusing on predisposing factors and monitoring opioid dispensing may mitigate overuse or abuse in this vulnerable population.

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