• Mitch Blair, Alan J Poots, Valencia Lim, Stephen Hiles, Geva Greenfield, Caroline Crehan, Beverley Kugler, and Charlotte Boreham.
• Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• Arch. Dis. Child. 2018 Jan 1; 103 (1): 19-23.

BackgroundUnscheduled visits to emergency departments (ED) have increased in the UK in recent years. Children who are repeat attenders are relatively understudied.AimsTo describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of preschoolers who attend ED a large District General Hospital.Method/Study DesignObservational study analysing routinely collected ED operational data. Children attending four or more visits per year were considered as 'frequent attenders'. Poisson regression was used with demographic details (age, sex, ethnicity, sociodemographic status) to predict number of attendances seen in the year. We further analysed detailed diagnostic characteristics of a random sample of 10% of attendees.Main Findings10 169 patients visited in the 12-month period with 16 603 attendances. 655 individuals attended on 3335 occasions. 6.4% of this population accounted for 20.1% of total visits. In the 10% sample, there were 304 attendances, and 69 (23%) had an underlying chronic long-standing illness (CLSI). This group were 2.4 times more likely to be admitted as inpatients compared with those without such conditions, median length of stay of 6.2 hours versus 2.5 hours (p=NS).ConclusionsFrequent ED attenders fall broadly into two distinct clinical groups: those who habitually return with self-limiting conditions and those with or without exacerbation of underlying CLSI. Both groups may be amenable to both additional nursing and other forms of community support to enhance self-care and continuity of care. Further research is required to increase our understanding of specific individual family and health system factors that predict repeat attendance in this age group.© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

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