• Journal of gerontology · Mar 1983

    The structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale scale: a reinterpretation.

    • J Liang and K A Bollen.
    • J Gerontol. 1983 Mar 1; 38 (2): 181-9.

    AbstractThis research examines the structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGC) Morale Scale. A multiple indicator structural equation model including three first-order factors and one second-order factor is proposed to account for the dimensionality of the PGC Morale Scale. Based on data from the 1968 National Senior Citizens Survey, the proposed model is consistently supported and replicated across four randomly divided subsamples. Given these results, the claim that the PGC Morale Scale is multidimensional is only appropriate for the first-order factors. On the level of the second-order, a unidimensional interpretation is more accurate.

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