• Elissa G Miller, Meaghann S Weaver, Lindsay Ragsdale, Tracy Hills, Lisa Humphrey, WilliamsConrad S PCSPPalliative Care Program, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina Children's Health System, Charleston, South Carolina, USA., Alexis Morvant, Blaine Pitts, Elisha Waldman, Debra Lotstein, Jennifer Linebarger, Chris Feudtner, and Jeffrey C Klick.
• Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.
• J Palliat Med. 2021 Jan 1; 24 (1): 40-45.

AbstractBackground: The experience of starting and growing a pediatric palliative care program (PPCP) has changed over the last 10 years as rapid increases of patient volume have amplified challenges related to staffing, funding, standards of practice, team resilience, moral injury, and burnout. These challenges have stretched new directors' leadership skills, yet, guidance in the literature on identifying and managing these challenges is limited. Methods: A convenience sample of 15 PPCP directors who assumed their duties within the last 10 years were first asked the following open-ended question: What do you wish you had known before starting or taking over leadership of a PPCP? Responses were grouped into themes based on similarity of content. Participants then ranked these themes based on importance, and an online discussion further elucidated the top ten themes. Results: Thirteen directors responded (86.7%; 69% female). The median age of their current-state PPCP was 5.1 years (range: 0.3-9.3), and the median number of covered pediatric-specific hospital beds was 283 (range: 170-630). Their responses generated 51 distinct items, grouped into 17 themes. Themes ranked as most important included "Learn how to manage, not just lead," "Negotiate everything before you sign anything," and "Balance patient volume with scope of practice." Conclusion: These themes regarding challenges and opportunities PPCP directors encountered in the current era of program growth can be used as a guide for program development, a self-assessment tool for program directors, a needs-assessment for program leadership, and a blueprint for educational offerings for PPCP directors.

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