• Mohamed Elshafei, Mohammed I Danjuma, and Rania El Tahir.
• Hamad Medical Corporation (Hamad General Hospital).
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jun 12; 99 (24): e20283e20283.

RationaleThere is an increasing and compelling need for early recognition of features of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), and a further attempt at correcting this even where presentation is late.Patient ConcernsA 49-year-old male admitted into the emergency department with a complaint of lethargy and severe hyponatremia, with subsequent ODS supervening on initial attempts at correction.DiagnosisRapid rise in serum sodium concentration (121 mmol/L in 8 hours from a nadir of 101 mmol/L), concomitant deterioration in patient's conscious level support the diagnosis of ODS.InterventionConcomitant administration of 5% dextrose water with desmopressin with a therapeutic objective of gradual relowering of serum sodium concentration.OutcomesSignificant improvement in patients' conscious level and motor function with the commencement of sodium relowering therapy. The patient was eventually discharged home.LessonsRegardless of the temporal profile of neurologic sequelae following ODS due to hyponatremia, its worthwhile attempting initial sodium relowering with dextrose 5% and desmopressin and then monitoring of biochemical and neurologic markers.

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