• Andrew Vinícius de Souza Batista, Guilherme Brasileiro de Aguiar, Jefferson Walter Daniel, and Veiga José Carlos Esteves JCE http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-4396 . Neurocirurgião titular da Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia; professor livre-.
• . Médico residente de Neurocirurgia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
• Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020 Apr 1; 66 (4): 507-511.

IntroductionRetro-odontoid pseudotumor (ROP) is a rare disease that affects the atlantoaxial joint and, in general, is associated with local biomechanical alterations that may or may not cause instability.MethodsDescriptive study of the literature available in databases MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, and Scopus. The research was conducted in April 2019.DiscussionROP is, possibly, a syndromic designation that encompasses a significant variety of diseases of the atlantoaxial joint. There are different pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in its genesis. The patients, almost in their entirety, present with severe myelopathy, and most of them are treated surgically, with the posterior decompression being the most commonly used method, with or without arthrodesis. Evolution is usually favorable.ConclusionThe ROP is still poorly recognized as a differential diagnosis between the diseases of the cranial-cervical junction. The information available in the literature analyzed was based mainly on the study of reports or case series; therefore, it is insufficient to define conducts with a high level of scientific evidence.

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