• Yongren Wang, Jian Li, and Yongjun Fang.
• Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jun 26; 99 (26): e20861.

RationalePrimary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the testes is rare, representing about 9% of testicular neoplasms and 1% to 2% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.Patient ConcernsA previously healthy 47-month-old boy came to our institution for 3 months unilateral testicular swelling without tenderness. After preliminary examination, inguinal orchiectomy was performed to resect the right scrotal mass. The histopathological diagnosis of high-grade lymphoma was rendered and paraffin blocks were sent for immunophenotyping.DiagnosisThe final diagnosis by histopathological combined with immunohistochemical staining revealed primary testicular T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (St Jude Children's Research Hospital Staging System, stage I).InterventionsThe patient was treated with right inguinal orchidectomy followed by chemotherapy (SMCC-2011 protocol modified based on the BFM-90/95 regimen from Germany) without prophylactic radiotherapy to the contralateral testis.OutcomesAfter 36 months of follow-up, the patient is now disease-free without any complication.LessonsT-lymphoblastic lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses in children. Intensive chemotherapy may improve the prognosis of such patients.

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