• Nancy Crego, Christian Douglas, Emily Bonnabeau, Marian Earls, Kern Eason, Elizabeth Merwin, Gary Rains, Paula Tanabe, and Nirmish Shah.
• From Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC (NC, CD, EB, PT); Community Care of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC (ME, KE); University of Texas College of Nursing, Austin, TX (EM); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (GR); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (NS) nancy.crego@duke.edu.
• J Am Board Fam Med. 2020 Jan 1; 33 (1): 91-105.

BackgroundSickle-cell disease (SCD) causes significant morbidity, premature mortality, and high disease burden, resulting in frequent health care use. Comanagement may improve utilization and patient adherence with treatments such as Hydroxyurea. The purpose of this study was to describe acute-care utilization in Medicaid-enrolled patients with SCD, patient factors associated with comanagement, and adherence to Hydroxyurea.MethodsData from 2790 patients diagnosed with SCD, age 1 to 65+ years, enrolled at least 1 month in North Carolina Medicaid between March 2016 and February 2017, were analyzed. Outpatient visits were categorized as primary care, hematologist, and nonhematologist specialist. Nurse practitioners or physician assistants with unidentified specialty type or family practice were categorized separately. Comanagement was defined as a minimum of 1 primary care and 1 hematologist visit/patient during the study period.ResultsThere were notable age-related differences in utilization of health care services. Only 34.82% of the sample was comanaged. Comanagement was higher in the 1-to-9-year-old (44.88%) and 10-to-17-year-old groups (39.22%) versus the 31-to-45-year-old (30.26%) and 65+-year-old (18.75%) age groups. Age had the greatest influence (AUC = 0.599) on whether or not a patient was comanaged. Only a third of the sample (32.24%) had at least 1 Hydroxyurea (HU) prescription. Age was the most predictive factor of good HUadherence (AUC = 0.6503). Prediction by comanagement was minimal with an AUC = 0.5615.ConclusionComanagement was a factor in predicting HUadherence, but further studies are needed to identify the frequency and components of comanagement needed to increase adherence and reduce acute care utilization.© Copyright 2020 by the American Board of Family Medicine.

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