• van HarenFrank M PFMPAustralian National University, Medical School, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia. Electronic address: frank.vanharen@anu.edu.au., Angus Carter, Elena Cavazzoni, Michael Chapman, Rohit L D'Costa, Sarah L Jones, Andrew McGee, Stewart Moodie, Leo Nunnink, Michael O'Leary, Helen Opdam, Sam Radford, Andrew J Turner, and Dominique Martin.
• Australian National University, Medical School, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Intensive Care Unit, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia. Electronic address: frank.vanharen@anu.edu.au.
• J Crit Care. 2020 Oct 1; 59: 166-171.

AbstractEnd-of-life (EOL) care has become an integral part of intensive care medicine and includes the exploration of possibilities for deceased organ and tissue donation. Donation physicians are specialist doctors with expertise in EOL processes encompassing organ and tissue donation, who contribute significantly to improvements in organ and tissue donation services in many countries around the world. Donation physicians are usually also intensive care physicians, and thus they may be faced with the dual obligation of caring for dying patients and their families in the intensive care unit (ICU), whilst at the same time ensuring organ and tissue donation is considered according to best practice. This dual obligation poses specific ethical challenges that need to be carefully understood by clinicians, institutions and health care networks. These obligations are complementary and provide a unique skillset to care for dying patients and their families in the ICU. In this paper we review current controversies around EOL care in the ICU, including the use of palliative analgesia and sedation specifically with regards to withdrawal of cardiorespiratory support, the usefulness of the so-called doctrine of double effect to guide ethical decision-making, and the management of potential or perceived conflicts of interest in the context of dual professional roles.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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