• Carlos E Ferrarez, Raphael Bertani, Doralice M Leite Batista, Renan Lovato, Caio Perret, Karl R Abi-Aad, Marcelo Magaldi Oliveira, Bruno Cannizzaro, Pollyanna H Vieira Costa, Leal da Silveira Roberto R Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Cleverson M Kill, and Sebastião N Gusmão.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
• World Neurosurg. 2020 Oct 1; 142: e378-e384.

BackgroundCerebrovascular bypass surgical procedures require highly developed dexterity and refined bimanual technical skills. To attain such a level of prowess, neurosurgeons and residents have traditionally relied on "flat" models (without depth of field), such as chicken wings, live rats, silicone vessels, and other materials that stray far from the reality of the operating room, albeit more accessible. We have explored the use of a hybrid ex vivo simulator that takes advantage of the availability of placenta vessels and retains the complexity of surgery performed on a human skull to create a more realistic method for the development of cerebrovascular bypass surgical skills.MethodsTwelve ex vivo simulators were constructed using 3 human placentas and 1 synthetic human skull for each. Face, content, construct, and concurrent validity were assessed by 12 neurosurgeons (6 trained vascular surgeons and 6 general neurosurgeons) and compared with those of other bypass models.ResultsThe fidelity grade was ranked as low (Linkert scale score, 1-2), medium (score, 3), and high (score, 4-5). The face and content validity of the model showed high fidelity to superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery. Construct validity showed that cerebrovascular neurosurgeons had better performance, and concurrent validity highlighted that all surgical steps were present.ConclusionThe simulator was found to have strong face and content, construct, and concurrent validity for microsurgical cerebrovascular training, allowing for simulation of all surgical steps of the bypass procedure. The hybrid simulator seems to be a promising method for shortening the bypass surgery learning curve. However, more studies are required to evaluate the predictive validity of the model.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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