• Neuromodulation · Apr 2009

    Implementing the SAFE Principles for the Development of Pain Medicine Therapeutic Algorithms That Include Neuromodulation Techniques.

    • Elliot Krames, Lawrence Poree, Timothy Deer, and Robert Levy.
    • Pacific Pain Treatment Centers, San Francisco, CA, USA; Pain Clinic of Monterey Bay, Aptos, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Pain Relief Inc., Charleston, WV, USA; West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Departments of Neurologic Surgery and Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
    • Neuromodulation. 2009 Apr 1;12(2):104-13.

    AbstractCurrently accepted chronic pain treatment algorithms have positioned therapies according to levels of invasiveness and up-front costs. After reviewing updated literature on efficacy and cost outcomes of care for patients with chronic pain that include interventional implantable technologies, we offer a new model of thinking when formulating algorithms of care that might include more invasive and costly interventions such as spinal cord stimulation, the SAFE principles. These SAFE principles include "safety,"appropriateness,"fiscal neutrality," and "efficacy."© 2009 International Neuromodulation Society.

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