• Hewei Xu, Zhengsen Chen, Baixin Shen, and Zhongqing Wei.
• Urology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jul 10; 99 (28): e20825e20825.

IntroductionPrimary bladder mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare tumor. To date, the PubMed database contains only 39 English articles covering 63 cases of primary bladder MALT lymphoma. Herein, we report a case of this disease and review the current literature.Patient ConcernsA 77-year-old woman presented with frequent urination, urinary urgency, and dysuria for 3 years. In the past 3 years, the patient's symptoms recurred and progressively worsened, and she was admitted to the hospital.DiagnosisA histopathological examination revealed the bladder mass as a tumor with high proliferation of atypical B-lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry showed positive results for CD20, PAX-5, Ki-67, BCL-2, and CD21 and negative results for CD10, MUM1, TDT, and cyclin D1. These data supported the diagnosis of primary bladder MALT lymphoma.InterventionsA transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed to treat the disease.OutcomesThe patient was alive and healthy at the 15-month follow-up.ConclusionPrimary bladder MALT lymphoma is a rare disease and can be easily missed or misdiagnosed before achieving a histological confirmation. Surgery may be the best choice for both diagnosis and treatment.

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