• Agathe Nouchi, Fabienne Caby, Romain Palich, Gentiane Monsel, and And Eric Caumes.
• Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Paris 75013, France.
• J Travel Med. 2019 Dec 23; 26 (8).

BackgroundThe incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) is increasing in Western countries whilst travel plays a major role in STI dissemination worldwide. However, there is no study distinguishing HIV-positive and HIV-negative travellers.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and biological characteristics of the patients diagnosed with a travel-related STI between 2008 and 2016. We describe and compare the spectrum of STI diagnosed amongst HIV-positive and negative travellers.MethodsOverall, 163 travel-related STI were identified in 140 patients (89% male, 54% men having sex with men, 40% HIV-positive). Symptoms occurred during travel in 39% of them, otherwise the median time between return and symptoms' onset was 13 days. Amongst the 84 HIV-negative travellers, the main STI were primary HIV infections (n = 36, 38%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections (17%) and primary herpes infection (14, vs 1.5% amongst HIV-positive travellers, P = 0.01). The regions of exposure to HIV were concordant with the known geographical distribution of HIV subtypes. Amongst the 56 HIV-positive travellers, the main STI were syphilis (43, vs 6% amongst HIV-negative travellers, P = 0.01), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections (22, vs 13% amongst HIV-negative travellers, P = 0.08), NG infections (13%) and acute hepatitis C (12, vs 1% amongst HIV-negative travellers, P = 0.01), with a predominance of anal forms for both CT and NG infections.ConclusionsThe spectrum of STI diagnosed in returning travellers is broad with important differences according to HIV status. In our setting, primary HIV infection was the leading STI in non-HIV infected patients, which suggests that pre-exposure prophylaxis may have a role in HIV prevention in at-risk travellers.© International Society of Travel Medicine 2019. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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