• Yoko Nakazawa, Emi Takeuchi, Mitsunori Miyashita, Kazuki Sato, Asao Ogawa, Hiroya Kinoshita, Yoshiyuki Kizawa, Tatsuya Morita, and Masashi Kato.
• Division of Medical Support and Partnership, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ynakazaw@ncc.go.jp.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Jan 1; 61 (1): 42-53.e2.

ContextEvaluation of end-of-life care is a key element in quality improvement, and population-based mortality follow-back designs have been used in several countries. This design was adapted to evaluate a good death in Japan.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explain the scientific background and rationale for assessing the feasibility of a mortality follow-back survey using a randomized design.DesignWe used a cross-sectional questionnaire survey to assess feasibility using response rate, sample representativeness, effect on response rate with two methods, and survey acceptability.Setting/ParticipantsThe subjects were 4812 bereaved family members of patients who died from the major five causes of death: cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia, or kidney failure, using mortality data.ResultsOverall, 682 (14.2%) questionnaires could not be delivered, and 2294 (55.5%) family members agreed to participate in the survey. There was little difference in the distribution of characteristics between the study subjects and the full population, and sample representativeness was acceptable. Sending the questionnaire with a pen achieved a higher response rate than without (weighted: 48.2% vs. 40.8%; P < 0.001). In follow-up contact, there was no difference in response rate between resending the questionnaire and a reminder letter alone (weighted: 32.9% vs. 32.4%; P = 0.803). In total, 84.8% (weighted) of the participants agreed with improving quality of care through this kind of survey.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a population-based mortality follow-back survey using a randomized design. An attached pen with the questionnaire was effective in improving the response rate.Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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