• European urology focus · May 2020

    Review

    Benefits and Harms of Electrical Neuromodulation for Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Systematic Review.

    • Angela M Cottrell, Marc P Schneider, Sanchia Goonewardene, Yuhong Yuan, Andrew P Baranowski, Daniel S Engeler, Jan Borovicka, Paulo Dinis-Oliveira, Sohier Elneil, John Hughes, Bert J Messelink, and Amanda C de C Williams.
    • Department of Urology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK. Electronic address: angecottrell@hotmail.com.
    • Eur Urol Focus. 2020 May 15; 6 (3): 559-571.

    ContextPatients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) may have pain refractory to conventional pain management strategies. Neuromodulation could provide relief of pain.ObjectiveTo evaluate the benefits and harms of neuromodulation for CPP.Evidence AcquisitionA comprehensive search of EMBASE, PUBMED, and SCOPUS was performed for the entire database to January 2018. Studies were selected, data were extracted, and quality was assessed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was used to combine randomized controlled trials (RCTs); otherwise, a narrative analysis was used.Evidence SynthesisAfter screening 1311 abstracts, 36 studies including eight RCTs were identified, enrolling 1099 patients. Studies covered a broad range in terms of phenotypes of CPP and methods of neuromodulation. A meta-analysis was possible for percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, which showed improvement in pain. Only narrative synthesis was possible for other modalities (sacral nerve stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, intravaginal electrical stimulation, and pudendal nerve stimulation) which appeared to reduce pain in patients with CPP. Treatments generally improved quality of life but with variable reporting of adverse events. Many studies showed high risks of bias and confounding.ConclusionsWhile electrical neuromodulation may improve symptoms in CPP, further work is needed with high-quality studies to confirm it.Patient SummaryNeuromodulation may be useful in reducing pain and improving quality of life in patients with chronic pelvic pain, but more research is needed.Copyright © 2019 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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