• Carlos Celis-Morales, Katherine M Livingstone, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Rodrigo San-Cristobal, Clare B O'Donovan, George Moschonis, Yannis Manios, Iwona Traczyk, Christian A Drevon, Hannelore Daniel, Cyril F M Marsaux, Saris Wim H M WHM Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Th, Rosalind Fallaize, Anna L Macready, Julie A Lovegrove, Mike Gibney, Eileen R Gibney, Marianne Walsh, Lorraine Brennan, J Alfredo Martinez, John C Mathers, and Food4Me Study.
• Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Exercise Physiology Research Centre (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
• Am J Prev Med. 2019 Aug 1; 57 (2): 209-219.

IntroductionThis study tested the hypothesis that providing personalized nutritional advice and feedback more frequently would promote larger, more appropriate, and sustained changes in dietary behavior as well as greater reduction in adiposity.Study DesignA 6-month RCT (Food4Me) was conducted in seven European countries between 2012 and 2013.Setting/ParticipantsA total of 1,125 participants were randomized to Lower- (n=562) or Higher- (n=563) Frequency Feedback groups.InterventionParticipants in the Lower-Frequency group received personalized nutritional advice at baseline and at Months 3 and 6 of the intervention, whereas the Higher-Frequency group received personalized nutritional advice at baseline and at Months 1, 2, 3 and 6.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcomes were change in dietary intake (at food and nutrient levels) and obesity-related traits (body weight, BMI, and waist circumference). Participants completed an online Food Frequency Questionnaire to estimate usual dietary intake at baseline and at Months 3 and 6 of the intervention. Overall diet quality was evaluated using the 2010 Healthy Eating Index. Obesity-related traits were self-measured and reported by participants via the Internet. Statistical analyses were performed during the first quarter of 2018.ResultsAt 3 months, participants in the Lower- and Higher-Frequency Feedback groups showed improvements in Healthy Eating Index score; this improvement was larger in the Higher-Frequency group than the Lower-Frequency group (Δ=1.84 points, 95% CI=0.79, 2.89, p=0.0001). Similarly, there were greater improvements for the Higher- versus Lower-Frequency group for body weight (Δ= -0.73 kg, 95% CI= -1.07, -0.38, p<0.0001), BMI (Δ= -0.24 kg/m2, 95% CI= -0.36, -0.13, p<0.0001), and waist circumference (Δ= -1.20 cm, 95% CI= -2.36, -0.04, p=0.039). However, only body weight and BMI remained significant at 6 months.ConclusionsAt 3 months, higher-frequency feedback produced larger improvements in overall diet quality as well as in body weight and waist circumference than lower-frequency feedback. However, only body weight and BMI remained significant at 6 months.Trial RegistrationThis study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139.Copyright © 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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