• Ping Du, Tongyao Fan, Jessica Yingst, Susan Veldheer, Shari Hrabovsky, Chen Chen, and Jonathan Foulds.
• Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: pud15@psu.edu.
• Am J Prev Med. 2019 Sep 1; 57 (3): 374383374-383.

IntroductionLittle is known about the effects of long-term e-cigarette use, particularly the risks of relapse to cigarette smoking or increased dependence.MethodsIn a 2012-2014 baseline online e-cigarette survey, 1,863 respondents consented to participate in future research. A follow-up online survey was conducted in 2017-2018 to assess changes in e-cigarette use behaviors and e-cigarette-related dependence. For both surveys, exclusive e-cigarette use was defined as only using e-cigarettes in the past 7 days, and poly use was defined as using both e-cigarettes and other tobacco or nicotine products in the past 7 days. The Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PSECDI) score was calculated for each study subject and was used to evaluate e-cigarette dependence. Paired t-tests or Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine changes in e-cigarette use behaviors or PSECDI scores between baseline and follow-up. Baseline and follow-up survey data were analyzed in January 2019.ResultsA total of 494 subjects provided complete data on both surveys. At baseline, 402 subjects (81.4%) were exclusive e-cigarette users, and 71 subjects (14.4%) were poly users. Among baseline exclusive e-cigarette users, the majority (88.3%) continued using e-cigarettes exclusively, but 37 users (9.2%) became poly users and 1 returned to cigarette smoking at follow-up. Among baseline poly users, 60.6% became exclusive e-cigarette users at follow-up. The mean PSECDI score remained similar over time (8.4 at baseline vs 8.3 at follow-up).ConclusionsFindings suggest that the risk of relapse to cigarette smoking is low, and e-cigarette-related dependence remains stable in long-term e-cigarette users.Copyright © 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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