• Yuanjia Zhu, Annabel M Imbrie-Moore, Michael J Paulsen, Bryant Priromprintr, Hanjay Wang, Haley J Lucian, Justin M Farry, and WooY JosephYJDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. Electronic address: joswoo@stanford.edu..
• Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2022 Feb 1; 163 (2): e161e171e161-e171.

ObjectiveThe objective was to design and evaluate a clinically relevant, novel ex vivo bicuspid aortic valve model that mimics the most common human phenotype with associated aortic regurgitation.MethodsThree bovine aortic valves were mounted asymmetrically in a previously validated 3-dimensional-printed left heart simulator. The non-right commissure and the non-left commissure were both shifted slightly toward the left-right commissure, and the left and right coronary cusps were sewn together. The left-right commissure was then detached and reimplanted 10 mm lower than its native height. Free margin shortening was used for valve repair. Hemodynamic status, high-speed videography, and echocardiography data were collected before and after the repair.ResultsThe bicuspid aortic valve model was successfully produced and repaired. High-speed videography confirmed prolapse of the fused cusp of the baseline bicuspid aortic valve models in diastole. Hemodynamic and pressure data confirmed accurate simulation of diseased conditions with aortic regurgitation and the subsequent repair. Regurgitant fraction postrepair was significantly reduced compared with that at baseline (14.5 ± 4.4% vs 28.6% ± 3.4%; P = .037). There was no change in peak velocity, peak gradient, or mean gradient across the valve pre- versus postrepair: 293.3 ± 18.3 cm/sec versus 325.3 ± 58.2 cm/sec (P = .29), 34.3 ± 4.2 mm Hg versus 43.3 ± 15.4 mm Hg (P = .30), and 11 ± 1 mm Hg versus 9.3 ± 2.5 mm Hg (P = .34), respectively.ConclusionsAn ex vivo bicuspid aortic valve model was designed that recapitulated the most common human phenotype with aortic regurgitation. These valves were successfully repaired, validating its potential for evaluating valve hemodynamics and optimizing surgical repair for bicuspid aortic valves.Copyright © 2020 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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