• Daniel B Heppe, Albertine S Beard, Paul B Cornia, Tyler J Albert, Azadeh Lankarani-Fard, Joel M Bradley, Michelle M Guidry, Brian Kwan, Anand Jagannath, Matthew Tuck, Kathlyn E Fletcher, Elizabeth S Gromisch, and Craig G Gunderson.
• Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. Daniel.Heppe@Cuanschutz.edu.
• J Gen Intern Med. 2020 Dec 1; 35 (12): 3591-3596.

BackgroundThere are more than five hundred internal medicine residency programs in the USA, involving 27,000 residents. Morning report is a central educational activity in resident education, but no recent studies describe its format or content.ObjectiveTo describe the format and content of internal medicine morning reports.Design And ParticipantsProspective observational study of morning reports occurring between September 1, 2018, and April 30, 2019, in ten different VA academic medical centers in the USA.Main MeasuresReport format, number and type of learner, number and background of attending, frequency of learner participation, and the type of media used. Content areas including quality and safety, high-value care, social determinants of health, evidence-based medicine, ethics, and bedside teaching. For case-based reports, the duration of different aspects of the case was recorded, the ultimate diagnosis when known, and if the case was scripted or unscripted.ResultsA total of 225 morning reports were observed. Reports were predominantly case-based, moderated by a chief resident, utilized digital presentation slides, and involved a range of learners including medicine residents, medical students, and non-physician learners. The most common attending physician present was a hospitalist. Reports typically involved a single case, which the chief resident reviewed prior to report and prepared a teaching presentation using digital presentation slides. One-half of cases were categorized as either rare or life-threatening. The most common category of diagnosis was medication side effects. Quality and safety, high-value care, social determinants of health, and evidence-based medicine were commonly discussed. Medical ethics was rarely addressed.ConclusionsAlthough a wide range of formats and content were described, internal medicine morning report most commonly involves a single case that is prepared ahead of time by the chief resident, uses digital presentation slides, and emphasizes history, differential diagnosis, didactics, and rare or life-threatening diseases.

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