• Jacob P Bray, Douglas R Adams, Aparna S Phadke, and Phillip S Adams.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2021 Jan 1; 35 (1): 154-161.

ObjectiveTo compare postoperative arterial blood gas samples and requirement for respiratory support between patients who received sugammadex versus neostigmine reversal before extubation after congenital cardiac surgery.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional study.SettingSingle-center, university-based, tertiary care hospital.ParticipantsPatients with congenital heart disease undergoing surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.InterventionsChart review.Measurements And Main ResultsThe first postoperative arterial blood gas measurements were abstracted from electronic medical records, and reintubation or use of positive- pressure respiratory support within the first 24 postoperative hours was documented. Of the 237 charts reviewed, 111 (47%) patients received sugammadex reversal and 126 (53%) received neostigmine. Multivariate models showed that patients with 2-ventricle congenital heart disease who received sugammadex had lower postoperative arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) values (coefficient -3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] -5.9 to -0.4; p = 0.026) and required less- noninvasive positive- pressure ventilation (odds ratio 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.8; p = 0.021). Single-ventricle congenital heart disease patients who received sugammadex had higher postoperative pH values (coefficient 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.06; p = 0.01) and lower PaCO2 values (coefficient -5.2, 95% CI -9.6 to -0.8; p = 0.021).ConclusionSugammadex reversal was associated with lower postoperative PaCO2 values. In addition, sugammadex reversal was associated with less need for noninvasive positive- pressure ventilation in 2-ventricle patients. The magnitude of the effect appears modest, therefore the clinical significance remains unclear. Additional studies focused on investigating particular patient populations, such as infants, single-ventricle congenital heart disease, or patients with pulmonary hypertension, are needed to identify whether these patients appreciate a greater benefit from sugammadex reversal.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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