• Johan Engdahl, Emma Svennberg, Leif Friberg, Faris Al-Khalili, Viveka Frykman, Katrin Kemp Gudmundsdottir, Tove Fredriksson, and Mårten Rosenqvist.
• Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Cardiology Unit, Danderyd's University Hospital, SE-18288 Stockholm, Sweden.
• Europace. 2017 Feb 1; 19 (2): 297-302.

AimAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent clinical arrhythmia and a major risk factor for ischaemic stroke. Treatment with oral anticoagulants (OACs) reduces the risk of stroke by two thirds in AF patients with risk factors. Due to its often paroxysmal and asymptomatic presentation, AF is sometimes challenging to diagnose. So far, AF screening studies have applied opportunistic or systematic screening, most often using a single 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording or ambulatory ECG. We hypothesise that the biomarker N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a valuable adjunct in population based AF screening.MethodsWe are conducting a randomized population-based study on AF screening using ambulatory ECG recording where the decision to use prolonged intermittent ECG recording is directed by NT-proBNP levels, the STROKESTOP II trial. The entire population of inhabitants 75 or 76 years of age (n = 28 712) in the capital region of Sweden will be randomized 1:1 to intervention or control group. In the intervention group NT-proBNP will be analysed in all without previously known AF. Those with NT-proBNP ≤ 125 pg/L will make a single one lead ECG recording, participants with NTproBNP ≥ 125 np/L will be instructed to record ECG for 30 s at least twice daily for 2 weeks with a handheld ambulatory ECG recorder. Participants with newly diagnosed or undertreated AF will be referred to a cardiologist and offered OAC treatment. Primary endpoint is incidence of stroke or systemic embolus, during a 5 year follow-up period in the control group vs the group invited to screening.Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2016. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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