• Chuan-Cai Xu, Wei Lei, Jun-Hong Jiang, Zi-Rui Wang, Chong-Jun Ni, and Jian-An Huang.
• Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
• J Cancer Res Ther. 2019 Jan 1; 15 (7): 1490-1495.

ContextEndobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are the two most extensively used methods for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.AimsThe present study was designed to compare the diagnostic performance of EBUS-TBNA with that of PET/CT in patients with hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy.Settings And DesignWe compared the accuracy of EBUS-TBNA with that of PET/CT in the diagnosis of hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy and evaluated the diagnostic utility of EBUS-TBNA in patients with PET/CT false-positive and false-negative findings.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 85 patients with hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy who underwent EBUS-TBNA and PET/CT between January 2014 and December 2017. The accuracy of EBUS-TBNA histopathology and cytopathology was evaluated and compared with PET/CT scan findings.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA combined with PET/CT was significantly higher than that of the single diagnostic method (P < 0.001). Among PET/CT-negative lymph nodes, 4 of 9 (44.4%) malignant lymph nodes were identified by EBUS-TBNA. Among PET/CT-positive lymph nodes, 43 of 47 (91.5%) benign lymph nodes were diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA.ConclusionsEBUS-TBNA combined with PET/CT could effectively reduce false-positive and false-negative rates in the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, which might provide accurate staging, determine optimum therapeutic strategy and improve survival in patients with lung cancer.

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