• Karthik Thangappan, Nicholas C Cavarocchi, Michael Baram, Brandi Thoma, and Hitoshi Hirose.
• Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• Heart Lung. 2016 Sep 1; 45 (5): 449-53.

IntroductionSystemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is frequently observed after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) decannulation; however, these issues have not been investigated well in the past.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed to identify post-ECMO SIRS phenomenon, defined by exhibiting 2/3 of the following criteria: fever, leukocytosis, and escalation of vasopressors. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with documented infections (Group I) and patients with true SIRS (Group TS) without any evidence of infection. Survival and pre-, intra- and post-ECMO risk factors were analyzed.ResultsAmong 62 ECMO survivors, 37 (60%) patients developed the post-ECMO SIRS phenomenon, including Group I (n = 22) and Group TS (n = 15). The 30-day survival rate of Group I and TS was 77% and 100%, respectively (p = 0.047), although risk factors were identical.ConclusionsSIRS phenomenon after ECMO decannulation commonly occurs. Differentiating between the similar clinical presentations of SIRS and infection is important and will impact clinical outcomes.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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