• Timothy R Deer, Michael F Esposito, W Porter McRoberts, Jay S Grider, Dawood Sayed, Paul Verrills, Tim J Lamer, Corey W Hunter, Konstantin V Slavin, Jay M Shah, Jonathan M Hagedorn, Tom Simopoulos, Gonzalez David Abejon DA Pain Unit, Hospital Universitario Quirón-Salud, Madrid, Spain., Kasra Amirdelfan, Sameer Jain, Ajax Yang, Rohit Aiyer, Ajay Antony, Nomen Azeem, Robert M Levy, and Nagy Mekhail.
• The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, West Virginia.
• Pain Med. 2020 Aug 1; 21 (8): 1590-1603.

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic literature review of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for pain.DesignGrade the evidence for PNS.MethodsAn international interdisciplinary work group conducted a literature search for PNS. Abstracts were reviewed to select studies for grading. Inclusion/exclusion criteria included prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with meaningful clinical outcomes that were not part of a larger or previously reported group. Excluded studies were retrospective, had less than two months of follow-up, or existed only as abstracts. Full studies were graded by two independent reviewers using the modified Interventional Pain Management Techniques-Quality Appraisal of Reliability and Risk of Bias Assessment, the Cochrane Collaborations Risk of Bias assessment, and the US Preventative Services Task Force level-of-evidence criteria.ResultsPeripheral nerve stimulation was studied in 14 RCTs for a variety of painful conditions (headache, shoulder, pelvic, back, extremity, and trunk pain). Moderate to strong evidence supported the use of PNS to treat pain.ConclusionPeripheral nerve stimulation has moderate/strong evidence. Additional prospective trials could further refine appropriate populations and pain diagnoses.© 2020 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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