• Einar Ottestad and Daniel S Orlovich.
• Stanford Acute Pain Service, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion A, Suite A18, MC 5340, Redwood City, CA 94063.
• Pain Med. 2020 Aug 1; 21 (Suppl 1): S3-S5.

ObjectiveTo present a history of the development of peripheral nerve stimulation.MethodsNarrative literature review.ResultsPeripheral nerve stimulation has a history stretching from Scribonius Largus and eels in Mesopotamia to Michael Farady's discovery in London, the German-English physician Julius Althaus's application of electricity to a peripheral nerve, the sensational "Electreat" in the United States, to the application by Wall and Sweet of the gate theory proposed by Melzack and Wall to specialized neurosurgeons.ConclusionsThis is now a modern field in clinical neuroscience and medicine with improved technology, renewed interest by a diverse range of specialties, and accessibility with ultrasound.© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine.

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