• Intensive care medicine · Dec 2020

    Clinical Trial

    Conservative oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults with suspected hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.

    • Paul Young, Diane Mackle, Rinaldo Bellomo, Michael Bailey, Richard Beasley, Adam Deane, Glenn Eastwood, Simon Finfer, Ross Freebairn, Victoria King, Natalie Linke, Edward Litton, Colin McArthur, Shay McGuinness, Rakshit Panwar, and ICU-ROX Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group.
    • Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. paul.young@ccdhb.org.nz.
    • Intensive Care Med. 2020 Dec 1; 46 (12): 2411-2422.

    PurposeLiberal use of oxygen may contribute to secondary brain injury in patients with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, there are limited data on the effect of different oxygen regimens on survival and neurological disability in HIE patients.MethodsWe undertook a post-hoc analysis of the 166 patients with suspected HIE enrolled in a trial comparing conservative oxygen therapy with usual oxygen therapy in 1000 mechanically ventilated ICU patients. The primary endpoint for the current analysis was death or unfavourable neurological outcome at day 180. Key secondary outcomes were day 180 mortality, and cause-specific mortality.ResultsPatients with HIE allocated to conservative oxygen spent less time in the ICU with an SpO2 ≥ 97% (26 h [interquartile range (IQR) 13-45 vs. 35 h [IQR 19-70], absolute difference, 9 h; 95% CI - 21.4 to 3.4). A total of 43 of 78 patients (55.1%) assigned to conservative oxygen and 49 of 72 patients (68.1%) assigned to usual oxygen died or had an unfavourable neurological outcome at day 180; odds ratio 0.58; 95% CI 0.3-1.12; P = 0.1 adjusted odds ratio 0.54; 95% CI 0.23-1.26; P = 0.15. A total of 37 of 86 patients (43%) assigned to conservative oxygen and 46 of 78 (59%) assigned to usual oxygen had died by day 180; odds ratio 0.53; 95% CI 0.28-0.98; P = 0.04; adjusted odds ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.25-1.23; P = 0.15. Cause-specific mortality was similar by treatment group.ConclusionsConservative oxygen therapy was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in death or unfavourable neurological outcomes at day 180. The potential for important benefit or harm from conservative oxygen therapy in HIE patients is not excluded by these data.

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