• Rasha M M Khairy, Mahmoud Shokry Mahmoud, Raghda Raouf Shady, and Mona Abdel Monem Esmail.
• Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2020 Apr 1; 74 (4): e13463.

BackgroundHospital-acquired infections caused by K pneumoniae are difficult to eradicate since K pneumoniae carries resistance genes for many antimicrobials, including carbapenems. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by multiple drug-resistant K pneumoniae and identify carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance by phenotypic and genotypic methods amongst hospitalised patients.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty samples from patients with hospital-acquired infections were included. Identification and susceptibility testing for K pneumoniae isolates was performed by standard methods. The detection of carbapenemase resistance (blaKPC , blaVIM-1 and blaOXA-48 ) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR; qnrA, qnrB and qnrS) genes was performed using PCR assay.ResultsOut of 250 samples, 42 (16.8%) were multiple drug-resistant K pneumoniae, and the frequency of K Pneumoniae isolation was higher in urine samples, in the age group (<10 years), in ICU and in patients with longer hospital stay. Twenty-four (57%) of the isolates were resistant to Meropenem, 13 (31%) were resistant to Imipenem and 35 (83.3%) were resistant to Ciprofloxacin. blaOXA-48 gene was detected in 9 (21.4%) of isolates, and blaVIM-1 gene was detected in 6 (14.3%) of isolates. However, no isolate harboured blaKPC gene. PMQR genes were detected in 100% of ciprofloxacin resistant isolates, and qnrS was the dominant.ConclusionMultidrug-resistant K pneumoniae isolates harbouring blaOXA-48, blaVIM-1 and PMQR genes are emerging in hospitals particularly with long hospital stays.© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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