• Olusola Ayodele Sogebi, Emmanuel Abayomi Oyewole, and Olatundun Ogunbanwo.
• Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. Electronic address: olusola.sogebi@oouagoiwoye.edu.ng.
• J Natl Med Assoc. 2021 Apr 1; 113 (2): 158-164.

ObjectivesTo estimate the burden, and clinical factors associated with development of Otitis media with effusion (OME) in children with enlarged adenoids.MethodsConsecutive eligible patients with adenoid (sometimes with tonsillar) enlargement managed operatively in a period of five years. Patients had no complaints suggestive of hearing impairment. Age, sex, clinical diagnosis, and weight of patients were recorded. Otoscopic, audiometric, and radiological examinations findings were recorded. Tympanometry patterns were classified according to Jerger's classification; type B and C tympanograms represented OME. Some patients had Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA). Plain nasopharyngeal X-ray assessed the adenoid: nasopharyngeal (AN) ratio with >0.5 regarded as obstructive adenoid.Results216 ears of 108 children were assessed. 49.1% of children were in age range 1-3 years, mean 3.6 ± 2.6 years. 62.0% were males, weight ranged from 7.8 to 31.0 kg, mean was 14.3 ± 5.2 kg. 63.9% had associated tonsillar enlargement. Mean AN ratio was 0.69 ± 0.07. Tympanometric findings showed prevalence of OME in all ears was 63/216 = 29.2%, consisting of 30.5% with unilateral (Right ear 19.4%, Left ear 11.1%), and 13.9% with bilateral OME. Acoustic reflexes were absent in both ears in 32 (29.6%) of the patients. There was normal hearing in 16/38 ears (42.1%), while others had different types of hearing loss. Two factors namely increased age and weight were significantly associated with OME in patients with Adenoid enlargement.Conclusions29.2% of children with adenoid enlargement had a co-morbidity of asymptomatic OME. The factors associated with OME were increased age and weight of the patients.Copyright © 2020 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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