• Heather Torbic, Sudhir Krishnan, Mary Pat Harnegie, and Abhijit Duggal.
• Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. torbich@ccf.org.
• Respir Care. 2021 Jan 1; 66 (1): 120128120-128.

BackgroundStudies evaluating neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in the management of ARDS have produced inconsistent results in terms of their effect on mortality. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate differences in mortality comparing subjects with ARDS who received NMBA to those who received placebo or usual care.MethodsWe searched Ovid, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials evaluating administration of NMBAs in subjects with ARDS.ResultsWe included 6 studies (N = 1,558 subjects) from 1,814 abstracts identified by our search strategy. The use of early, continuous-infusion NMBAs reduces the risk of short-term (ie, 21-28-d) mortality (relative risk 0.71 [95% CI 0.52-0.98], P = .030, I 2 = 60%) in subjects with ARDS but does not reduce the risk of long-term (ie, 90-d) mortality (relative risk 0.81 [95% CI 0.64-1.04], P = .10, I 2 = 54%). NMBAs decreased the risk of barotrauma (relative risk 0.55 [95% CI 0.35-0.85], P = .008, I 2 = 0%) and pneumothorax (relative risk 0.46 [95% CI 0.28-0.77], P = .003, I 2 = 0%) compared to control.ConclusionsIn subjects with ARDS, early use of NMBAs improves oxygenation, reduces the incidence of ventilator-induced lung injury, and decreases 21-28-d mortality, but it does not improve 90-d mortality. NMBAs should be considered for select patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS for short durations.Copyright © 2021 by Daedalus Enterprises.

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