• Emre Ozkaya, Fatih Esad Topal, Tugrul Bulut, Merve Gursoy, Mustafa Ozuysal, and Zeynep Karakaya.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
• Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Feb 1; 48 (1): 585-592.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence with the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for detecting scaphoid fractures on anteroposterior wrist radiographs. The performance of the deep learning algorithm was also compared with that of the emergency department (ED) physician and two orthopaedic specialists (less experienced and experienced in the hand surgery).MethodsA total 390 patients with AP wrist radiographs were included in the study. The presence/absence of the fracture on radiographs was confirmed via CT. The diagnostic performance of the CNN, ED physician and two orthopaedic specialists (less experienced and experienced) as measured by AUC, sensitivity, specificity, F-Score and Youden index, to detect scaphoid fractures was evaluated and compared between the groups.ResultsThe CNN had 76% sensitivity and 92% specificity, 0.840 AUC, 0.680 Youden index and 0.826 F score values in identifying scaphoid fractures. The experienced orthopaedic specialist had the best diagnostic performance according to AUC. While CNN's performance was similar to a less experienced orthopaedic specialist, it was better than the ED physician.ConclusionThe deep learning algorithm has the potential to be used for diagnosing scaphoid fractures on radiographs. Artificial intelligence can be useful for scaphoid fracture diagnosis particularly in the absence of an experienced orthopedist or hand surgeon.© 2020. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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