• Juan Francisco Alemán and Beatriz Rueda.
• Departamento de Psicología de la Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, España; Centro de Salud de Agaete, Agaete, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España. Electronic address: juanfraale@gmail.com.
• Aten Primaria. 2019 Nov 1; 51 (9): 529535529-535.

ObjectivesTo examine gender differences on specific protective factors (PF: acceptance and resilience), vulnerability factors (VF: anger, depression, and anxiety; adherence to treatment and quality of life (QoL) in cardiovascular patients, as well as to study separately the relationships of these factors with adherence and QoL in females and males.DesignObservational and cross-sectional.SettingTwo Primary Care Centres in Gran Canaria.ParticipantsOne hundred and ninety-eight cardiovascular patients (91 males and 107 females) participated.Main MeasurementsAcceptance was assessed by the ICQ scale; resilience by the CD-RISC; depression by the PHQ-9; anxiety by the HADS; Anger-In and Anger-Out by the STAXI-2; QoL by the SF-36; and adherence by a self-reported scale.ResultsFemales exhibited higher anxiety (95% CI: 6.3-7.9) and adherence to reducing smoking (95% CI: 9.4-10.0) and drinking (95% CI: 9.6-10.1), and lower Anger-Out (95% CI: 8.9-10.0), mental QoL (95% CI: 47.0-51.3) and adherence to medication (95% CI: 22.2-23.3) compared to males. Acceptance was associated with better adherence only in women. There were more VF related to worse adherence in males. Anxiety had a negative impact on adherence, and QoL was positively associated with PF, and negatively with VF in both groups.ConclusionsGender differences in QoL, some VF, and adherence are observed, in addition to the beneficial role of Acceptance in women.Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

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