• Chalailak Assawakawintip, Gregory A Nuttall, James A Garrity, Mark M Smith, and Joseph A Dearani.
• Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Department of Anesthesiology, Wetchakarunrasm Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2021 Jan 1; 35 (1): 35-38.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the incidence and risk factors for ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) as a complication of cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).DesignRetrospective chart review of prospectively collected data at a tertiary care center.SettingSingle tertiary academic referral center.ParticipantsThis study comprised 44,568 cardiac surgery patients who underwent CPB between January 1, 1995, and January 5, 2017, using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database and cross-matching it with International Classification of Diseases codes for visual changes.InterventionsNone; this was a retrospective chart review.Measurements And Main ResultsSix patients initially were identified as experiencing visual changes. Only 1 patient from 44,568 cardiac surgeries with CPB between January 1, 1995, and January 5, 2017, experienced ION, for an incidence 0.22 per 10,000. Because only 1 patient experienced ION, the authors were unable to determine risk factors for this complication; however, the nadir perioperative hemoglobin in the affected patient was 7.3 g/dL (postoperative).ConclusionThe incidence of ION decreased from 6 per 10,000 in the authors' previous study from 1976-1994 to 0.22 per 10,000 in the present study. Because of the low incidence of this dreaded complication, the authors were not able to identify risk factors for ION. Practice improvements (eg, transition to membrane oxygenators, blood transfusion guidelines, less- invasive surgical options for high-risk patients) during the time between the authors' studies likely affected the incidence reduction.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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