• Amit Kaura, SterneJonathan A CJACNational Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bris, Adam Trickey, Sam Abbott, Abdulrahim Mulla, Benjamin Glampson, Vasileios Panoulas, Jim Davies, Kerrie Woods, Joe Omigie, Anoop D Shah, Keith M Channon, Jonathan N Weber, Mark R Thursz, Paul Elliott, Harry Hemingway, Bryan Williams, Folkert W Asselbergs, Michael O'Sullivan, Graham M Lord, Narbeh Melikian, Thomas Johnson, Darrel P Francis, Ajay M Shah, Divaka Perera, Rajesh Kharbanda, Riyaz S Patel, and Jamil Mayet.
• National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
• Lancet. 2020 Aug 29; 396 (10251): 623634623-634.

BackgroundPrevious trials suggest lower long-term risk of mortality after invasive rather than non-invasive management of patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), but the trials excluded very elderly patients. We aimed to estimate the effect of invasive versus non-invasive management within 3 days of peak troponin concentration on the survival of patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI.MethodsRoutine clinical data for this study were obtained from five collaborating hospitals hosting NIHR Biomedical Research Centres in the UK (all tertiary centres with emergency departments). Eligible patients were 80 years old or older when they underwent troponin measurements and were diagnosed with NSTEMI between 2010 (2008 for University College Hospital) and 2017. Propensity scores (patients' estimated probability of receiving invasive management) based on pretreatment variables were derived using logistic regression; patients with high probabilities of non-invasive or invasive management were excluded. Patients who died within 3 days of peak troponin concentration without receiving invasive management were assigned to the invasive or non-invasive management groups based on their propensity scores, to mitigate immortal time bias. We estimated mortality hazard ratios comparing invasive with non-invasive management, and compared the rate of hospital admissions for heart failure.FindingsOf the 1976 patients with NSTEMI, 101 died within 3 days of their peak troponin concentration and 375 were excluded because of extreme propensity scores. The remaining 1500 patients had a median age of 86 (IQR 82-89) years of whom (845 [56%] received non-invasive management. During median follow-up of 3·0 (IQR 1·2-4·8) years, 613 (41%) patients died. The adjusted cumulative 5-year mortality was 36% in the invasive management group and 55% in the non-invasive management group (adjusted hazard ratio 0·68, 95% CI 0·55-0·84). Invasive management was associated with lower incidence of hospital admissions for heart failure (adjusted rate ratio compared with non-invasive management 0·67, 95% CI 0·48-0·93).InterpretationThe survival advantage of invasive compared with non-invasive management appears to extend to patients with NSTEMI who are aged 80 years or older.FundingNIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, as part of the NIHR Health Informatics Collaborative.Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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