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- Linda F Barr, Michael J Boss, Michael A Mazzeffi, Bradley S Taylor, and Rawn Salenger.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Crit Care Clin. 2020 Oct 1; 36 (4): 631-651.
AbstractMultimodal pain management of cardiac surgical patients is a paradigm shift in postoperative care. This promising approach features complementary medications and techniques that spare opioids and improves symptomatic and functional recovery. Although the specific elements remain to be defined, the collaboration of the health care team and patient and continuous iterative programmatic improvements are important pillars of this approach.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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