• Karim Fizazi, Neal Shore, Teuvo L Tammela, Albertas Ulys, Egils Vjaters, Sergey Polyakov, Mindaugas Jievaltas, Murilo Luz, Boris Alekseev, Iris Kuss, Le BerreMarie-AudeMAFrom Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif (K.F.), and Bayer Healthcare SAS, Loos (M.-A.L.B.) - both in France; Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC (N.S.); Tampere University Hospital and Tamper, Oana Petrenciuc, Amir Snapir, Toni Sarapohja, Matthew R Smith, and ARAMIS Investigators.
• From Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif (K.F.), and Bayer Healthcare SAS, Loos (M.-A.L.B.) - both in France; Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC (N.S.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.T.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (A.S., T.S.) - both in Finland; the National Cancer Institute, Vilnius (A.U.), and the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas (M.J.) - both in Lithuania; Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia (E.V.); N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus (S.P.); Hospital Erasto Gaertner, Curitiba, Brazil (M.L.); the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (B.A.); Clinical Statistics, Bayer, Berlin (I.K.); Bayer Healthcare, Whippany, NJ (O.P.); and the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (M.R.S.).
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2020 Sep 10; 383 (11): 1040-1049.

BackgroundDarolutamide is a structurally distinct androgen-receptor inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the planned primary analysis of a phase 3 trial, the median metastasis-free survival was significantly longer with darolutamide (40.4 months) than with placebo (18.4 months). The data for the analysis of overall survival were immature at the time of the primary analysis.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 1509 men, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive darolutamide (955 patients) or placebo (554 patients) while they continued to receive androgen-deprivation therapy. After the results of the primary end-point analysis were found to be positive, unblinding of the treatment assignments occurred, and patients in the placebo group were permitted to cross over to receive open-label darolutamide treatment. At the time of this prespecified final analysis, which had been planned to be performed after approximately 240 deaths had occurred, overall survival and all other secondary end points were evaluated.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 29.0 months. At the time of unblinding of the data, all 170 patients who were still receiving placebo crossed over to receive darolutamide; 137 patients who had discontinued placebo before unblinding had occurred received at least one other life-prolonging therapy. Overall survival at 3 years was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80 to 86) in the darolutamide group and 77% (95% CI, 72 to 81) in the placebo group. The risk of death was significantly lower, by 31%, in the darolutamide group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.88; P = 0.003). Darolutamide was also associated with a significant benefit with respect to all other secondary end points, including the time to first symptomatic skeletal event and the time to first use of cytotoxic chemotherapy. The incidence of adverse events after the start of treatment was similar in the two groups; no new safety signals were observed.ConclusionsAmong men with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer, the percentage of patients who were alive at 3 years was significantly higher among those who received darolutamide than among those who received placebo. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups. (Funded by Bayer HealthCare and Orion Pharma; ARAMIS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02200614.).Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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